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J Neurointensive Care > Volume 4(1); 2021 > Article |
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Characteristics | Mild (n=61) | Moderate (n=28) | Severe (n=12) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (Male:Female) (%) | 3.7 : 1 | 2.2 : 1 | 5:1 | 0.0435 |
Age ± | 56.4 (±12.4) | 59.9 (±11.7) | 59.4 (±17.6) | 0.4441 |
Admission | ||||
sBP ± | 170.5 (±42.0) | 170.7 (±31.2) | 176.3 (±35.0) | 0.9128 |
dBP ± | 100.0 (±27.5) | 97.9 (±27.4) | 101.0 (±27.9) | 0.9376 |
mBP ± | 123.5 (±30.1) | 122.2 (±25.3) | 126.1 (±29.4) | 0.9380 |
BST ± | 146.9 (±52.2) | 183.9 (±68.8) | 209.6 (±74.5) | 0.0014 |
Underlying ds. (%) | ||||
HTN | 43 (70.5%) | 14 (50.0%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.1685 |
DM | 8 (13.1%) | 4 (14.3%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.2110 |
Vascular lesion | 4 (6.6%) | 3 (10.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.6154 |
ESRD | 4 (6.5%) | 4 (14.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.4601 |
CM | 9 (14.8%) | 2 (7.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.3666 |
Metastatic brain tumor | 2 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.0000 |
Perviouscancer history | 10 (16.4%) | 4 (14.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.3753 |
Antiplatelets and anticoagulants use* | 6 (9.8%) | 5 (17.9%) | 3 (25%) | 0.2244 |
sBP: Systolic blood pressure, dBP: Diastolic blood pressure, mBP: Mean blood pressure, ds.: disease, HTN: Hypertension, DM: Diabetes mellitus, ESRD: End-stage renal disease, CM: Cavernous malformation, Hemorrhage volume: Mild, 1–10 colored cells (0.5–5 cm3), moderate: 11–20 colored cells (5–10 cm3), severe: 21–32 colored cells (10–15 cm3).
Months | Mild (n=61) | Moderate (n=28) | Severe (n=12) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GCS score ± | 0 | 11.36 (±0.47) | 4.68 (±0.69) | 3.08 (±1.05) | < 0.0001* |
6 | 12.54 (±0.41) | 6.16 (±0.72) | < 0.0001** | ||
12 | 12.95 (±0.39) | 7.02 (±0.74) | < 0.0001** | ||
24 | 12.89 (±0.55) | 7.31 (±1.93) | 0.4547** | ||
0 vs. 24 | +1.53 (±0.58) | +2.64 (±1.94) | 0.0001* | ||
ECOG ± | 0 | 2.54 (±0.13) | 3.89 (±0.19) | 4.00 (±0.29) | < 0.0001* |
6 | 2.15 (±0.14) | 3.63 (±0.26) | < 0.0001** | ||
12 | 2.04 (±0.14) | 3.63 (±0.28) | 0.3482** | ||
24 | 2.05 (±0.14) | 3.15 (±0.30) | < 0.0001** | ||
0 vs. 24 | -0.49 (±0.10) | +0.74 (±0.26) | 0.6583* | ||
mRS ± | 0 | 3.25 (±0.21) | 4.93 (±0.31) | 5.08 (±0.48) | < 0.0001* |
6 | 3.15 (±0.21) | 5.59 (±0.32) | 6.00 (±0.48) | < 0.0001** | |
12 | 2.93 (±0.22) | 5.82 (±0.41) | < 0.0001** | ||
24 | 2.82 (±0.23) | 5.24 (±0.56) | < 0.0001** | ||
0 vs. 24 | -0.43 (±0.13) | 0.32 (±0.49) | < 0.0001* |
Hemorrhage volume | Months |
mRS ± |
p-value |
mRS ± |
p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anterior | Posterior | Midbrain | Pontine | ||||
Mild | 0 | 3.43 (±0.44) | 3.21 (±0.33) | 0.6512 | 1.67 (±1.00) | 3.35 (±0.23) | 0.1068 |
(n=60)* | 6 | 3.38 (±0.44) | 3.08 (±0.33) | 0.6246* | 0.67 (±1.25) | 3.27 (±0.29) | 0.0548* |
(n=59)* | 12 | 3.09 (±0.46) | 2.91 (±0.34) | 0.0277* | 0.67 (±1.47) | 3.57 (±0.35) | 0.0459* |
24 | 3.09 (±0.46) | 2.73 (±0.35) | 0.9288* | 0.67 (±1.55) | 3.39 (±0.46) | 0.4986* | |
0 vs. 24 | -0.34 (±0.24) | -0.48 (±0.18) | 0.4892 | -1.00 (±1.04) | +0.34 (±0.25) | 0.7481 | |
Moderate (n=27)* | 0 | 5.08 (±0.26) | 4.80 (±0.23) | 0.242 | 5.00 (±0.62) | 4.92 (±0.17) | 0.8661 |
(n=28)* | 6 | 5.70 (±0.26) | 5.47 (±0.23) | 0.1936* | 6.00 (±0.62) | 5.55 (±0.17) | 0.6669* |
12 | 5.75 (±0.26) | 5.32 (±0.44) | 0.0002* | 5.77 (±0.26) | 0.0025* | ||
24 | 5.55 (±0.58) | 4.76 (±0.58) | 0.7250* | 5.17 (±0.40) | 0.4392* | ||
0 vs. 24 | +0.46 (±0.55) | -0.04 (±0.56) | 0.7934 | +0.24 (±0.38) | 0.7934 | ||
Severe | 0 | ||||||
(n=5)† | 6 | ||||||
12 | |||||||
24 | |||||||
0 vs. 24 |
The other was p value of group comparisons at a specific time point 0, 0 vs. 24 months respectively.
*Anterior vs posterior: Patients with the same anterior and posterior hemorrhage volumes were excluded.
**Midbrain vs pontine: Patients with the same anterior and posterior hemorrhage volumes were excluded.
Hemorrhage volume | Death n (%) in 24 months | HR (95% CI)* | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Mild (n=61) | 20 (32.8%) | 1.00 | |
Moderate (n=28) | 25 (89.3%) | 5.57 (2.48-12.51) | < 0.0001 |
Severe (n=12) | 12 (100%) | 11.68 (4.12-33.16) | < 0.0001 |
Location analysis 1 | |||
Anterior | 25 (69.4%) | 1.00 | |
Posterior | 24 (42.9%) | 0.35 (0.18-0.68) | 0.0020 |
Location analysis 2 | |||
Midbrain | 4 (57.1%) | 1.00 | |
Pontine | 45 (52.9%) | 1.52 (0.34-0.85) | 0.5867 |
HR: Hazard ratio.
Cells numbered 1–4, 9–12, 17–20, and 25–28 were classified into the anterior portion, while all other cells were placed into the posterior portion. Cells numbered 1–16 were classified into the midbrain portion, while all others were placed into the pontine portion (Fig. 1).
*Multivariable adjusted analysis used. Adjustment factor was used, as in Table 1.
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